Josiah Reads The Book of God's Law
(2 Chronicles 34.29-33)1 King Josiah called together the older leaders of Judah and Jerusalem. 2 Then he went to the Lord's temple, together with the people of Judah and Jerusalem, the priests, and the prophets. Finally, when everybody was there, he read aloud The Book of God's Law that had been found in the temple.
3 After Josiah had finished reading, he stood by one of the columns. He asked the people to promise in the Lord's name to faithfully obey the Lord and to follow his commands. The people agreed to do everything written in the book.
Josiah Follows the Teachings of God's Law
(2 Chronicles 34.3-7)4 Josiah told Hilkiah the priest, the assistant priests, and the guards at the temple door to go into the temple and bring out the things used to worship Baal, Asherah, and the stars. Josiah had these things burned in Kidron Valley just outside Jerusalem, and he had the ashes carried away to the town of Bethel.
5 Josiah also got rid of the pagan priests at the local shrines in Judah and around Jerusalem. These were the men that the kings of Judah had appointed to offer sacrifices to Baal and to the sun, moon, and stars. 6 Josiah had the sacred pole for Asherah brought out of the temple and taken to Kidron Valley, where it was burned. He then had its ashes ground into dust and scattered over the public cemetery there. 7 He had the buildings torn down where the male prostitutes lived next to the temple, and where the women wove sacred robes for the idol of Asherah.
8 In almost every town in Judah, priests had been offering sacrifices to the Lord at local shrines. Josiah brought these priests to Jerusalem and had their shrines made unfit for worship—every shrine from Geba just north of Jerusalem to Beersheba in the south. He even tore down the shrine at Beersheba that was just to the left of Joshua Gate, which was named after the highest official of the city. 9 Those local priests could not serve at the Lord's altar in Jerusalem, but they were allowed to eat sacred bread, just like the priests from Jerusalem.
10 Josiah sent some men to Hinnom Valley just outside Jerusalem with orders to make the altar there unfit for worship. That way, people could no longer use it for sacrificing their children to the god Molech. 11 He also got rid of the horses that the kings of Judah used in their ceremonies to worship the sun, and he destroyed the chariots along with them. The horses had been kept near the entrance to the Lord's temple, in a courtyard close to where an official named Nathan-Melech lived.
12 Some of the kings of Judah, especially Manasseh, had built altars in the two courts of the temple and in the room that Ahaz had built on the palace roof. Josiah had these altars torn down and smashed to pieces, and he had the pieces thrown into Kidron Valley, just outside Jerusalem. 13 After that, he closed down the shrines that Solomon had built east of Jerusalem and south of Spoil Hill to honor Astarte the disgusting goddess of Sidon, Chemosh the disgusting god of Moab, and Milcom the disgusting god of Ammon. 14 He tore down the stone images of foreign gods and cut down the sacred pole used in the worship of Asherah. Then he had the whole area covered with human bones.
15 But Josiah was not finished yet. At Bethel he destroyed the shrine and the altar that Jeroboam son of Nebat had built and that had caused the Israelites to sin. Josiah had the shrine and the Asherah pole burned and ground into dust. 16 As he looked around, he saw graves on the hillside. He had the bones in them dug up and burned on the altar, so that it could no longer be used. This happened just as God's prophet had said when Jeroboam was standing at the altar, celebrating a festival.
Then Josiah saw the grave of the prophet who had said this would happen 17 and he asked, “Whose grave is that?”
Some people who lived nearby answered, “It belongs to the prophet from Judah who told what would happen to this altar.”
18 Josiah replied, “Then leave it alone. Don't dig up his bones.” So they did not disturb his bones or the bones of the old prophet from Israel who had also been buried there.
19 Some of the Israelite kings had made the Lord angry by building pagan shrines all over Israel. So Josiah sent troops to destroy these shrines just as he had done to the one in Bethel. 20 He killed the priests who served at them and burned their bones on the altars.
After all that, Josiah went back to Jerusalem.
Josiah and the People of Judah Celebrate Passover
(2 Chronicles 35.1-19)21 Josiah told the people of Judah, “Celebrate Passover in honor of the Lord your God, just as it says in The Book of God's Law.”
22 This festival had not been celebrated in this way since the time that tribal leaders ruled Israel or the kings ruled Israel and Judah. 23 But in Josiah's eighteenth year as king of Judah, everyone came to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover.
The Lord Is Still Angry with the People of Judah
24 Josiah got rid of every disgusting person and thing in Judah and Jerusalem—including magicians, fortunetellers, and idols. He did his best to obey every law written in the book that the priest Hilkiah found in the Lord's temple. 25 No other king before or after Josiah tried as hard as he did to obey the Law of Moses.
26 But the Lord was still furious with the people of Judah because Manasseh had done so many things to make him angry. 27 The Lord said, “I will desert the people of Judah, just as I deserted the people of Israel. I will reject Jerusalem, even though I chose it to be mine. And I will abandon this temple built to honor me.”
Josiah Dies in Battle
(2 Chronicles 35.20—36.1)28 Everything else Josiah did while he was king is written in The History of the Kings of Judah. 29 During Josiah's rule, King Neco of Egypt led his army north to the Euphrates River to help the king of Assyria. Josiah led his troops north to fight Neco, but when they met in battle at Megiddo, Josiah was killed. 30 A few of Josiah's servants put his body in a chariot and took it back to Jerusalem, where they buried it in his own tomb. Then the people of Judah found his son Jehoahaz and poured olive oil on his head to show that he was their new king.
King Jehoahaz of Judah
(2 Chronicles 36.2-4)31 Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled from Jerusalem only 3 months. His mother Hamutal was the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. 32 Jehoahaz disobeyed the Lord, just as some of his ancestors had done.
33 King Neco of Egypt had Jehoahaz arrested and put in prison at Riblah near Hamath. Then he forced the people of Judah to pay him 3.4 tons of silver and 34 kilograms of gold as taxes. 34 Neco appointed Josiah's son Eliakim king of Judah, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. He took Jehoahaz as a prisoner to Egypt, where he died.
35 Jehoiakim forced the people of Judah to pay higher taxes, so he could give Neco the silver and gold he demanded.
King Jehoiakim of Judah
(2 Chronicles 36.5-8)36 Jehoiakim was 25 years old when he was appointed king, and he ruled 11 years from Jerusalem. His mother Zebidah was the daughter of Pedaiah from Rumah. 37 Jehoiakim disobeyed the Lord by following the example of his ancestors.
يوشيا يزيل عبادة الأصنام
(2أخ 34:29-32)1 واسْتَدعى المَلِكُ جميعَ شُيوخِ يَهوذا وأورُشليمَ، 2 وصَعِدوا إلى الهَيكلِ معَ الكهنَةِ والأنبـياءِ وجميعِ سُكَّانِ أورُشليمَ ويَهوذا، مِنَ الصَّغيرِ إلى الكبـيرِ، فتَلا على مَسامِعِهِم جميعَ ما ورَدَ في كِتابِ العَهدِ الّذي وُجِدَ في الهَيكلِ. 3 ووقَفَ المَلِكُ على المَنبَرِ وعاهَدَ الرّبَّ على أنَّ الشَّعبَ يَتبَعونَهُ ويَعمَلونَ بِوَصاياهُ وإرشاداتِهِ وفرائِضِهِ بِكُلِّ قلوبِهِم وكُلِّ نُفوسِهِم، لِـيُحَقِّقوا كلامَ العَهدِ الّذي ورَدَ في الكتابِ فالتَزَمَ الشَّعبُ كُلُّهم بِالعَهدِ الّذي قطَعَهُ المَلِكُ.
4 وأمرَ المَلِكُ حَلْقيَّا الكاهنَ العظيمَ وكهَنَةَ الرُّتبَةِ الثَّانيةِ مِنْ مُعاونيهِ، وحُرَّاسِ بابِ الهَيكلِ، أنْ يُخرِجوا مِنْ هَيكلِ الرّبِّ جميعَ الأدواتِ المَصنوعةِ لِلبَعل ولأشيرةَ ولِكواكِبِ السَّماءِ، فأحرَقَها خارِجَ أورُشليمَ في وادي قَدرونَ، وحمَلَ رمادَها إلى بَيتَ إيلَ. 5 وعزَلَ كهَنَةَ الأصنامِ الّذينَ أقامَهُم مُلوكُ يَهوذا ليَحرُقوا البَخورَ على المُرتَفَعاتِ في مُدُنِ يَهوذا وحَولَ أورُشليمَ، والّذينَ كانوا يحرُقونَ الذَّبائحَ لِلبَعلِ، ولِلشَّمسِ والقمرِ والكواكِبِ ولِنُجومِ السَّماءِ. 6 وأخرَجَ صَنَمَ أشيرةَ مِنَ الهَيكلِ خارِجَ أورُشليمَ، إلى وادي قَدرونَ، فأحرَقَهُ هُناكَ وحَوَّلَهُ غُبارا وذَرَّهُ على قُبورِ عامَّةِ الشَّعبِ. 7 وهدَمَ بُيوتَ البَغاءِ المُكَرَّسِ الّتي في دارِ الهَيكلِ، حَيثُ كانَتِ النِّساءُ يَنسُجْنَ ثيابا لأشيرةَ. 8 وأخرَجَ جميعَ الكهَنةِ مِنْ مُدُنِ يَهوذا، ونَجَّسَ المُرتَفَعاتِ حَيثُ كانوا يحرُقونَ الذَّبائِـحَ، مِنْ جَبَعَ إلى بِئْرَ سَبْعَ، وهدَمَ المذابِـحَ الوثَنيَّةَ الّتي عِندَ مدخَلِ بابِ يَشوعَ رئيسِ المدينةِ وكانَت إلى يَسارِ بابِ المدينةِ. 9 على أنَّ كهَنَةَ هذِهِ المذابِـحِ لم يَسمَحْ لهُم بِالصُّعودِ إلى مذبَحِ الرّبِّ في أورُشليمَ، بل كان يَسمحُ لهُم بِتَناوُلِ الفطيرِ معَ زُمَلائِهِم الكهنَةِ. 10 ونَجَّسَ المَلِكُ مَعبدَ توفَةَ الّذي في وادي بَني هِنُّومَ لِئلاَّ يحرُقَ أحدٌ ابنَهُ أوِ ابنَتَهُ في النَّارِ ذبـيحةً للإلَهِ مُولَكَ. 11 وأزالَ الخَيلَ الّتي كَرَّسَها مُلوكُ يَهوذا لِعِبادةِ الشَّمسِ، وأحرقَ المَركباتِ الّتي كانَت تُستَخدَمُ في عِبادتِها، وهذِهِ كُلُّها كانَت عِندَ مدخَلِ بَيتِ الهَيكلِ قُربَ مَسكِنِ نَثنَمْلَكَ رئيسِ الحُجَّابِ. 12 كذلِكَ هدَمَ يوشيَّا المذابِـحَ الّتي بَناها مُلوكُ يَهوذا على سَطحِ غُرفَةِ المَلِكِ آحازَ، والمذابِـحَ الّتي أقامَها المَلِكُ منَسَّى في دارَي الهَيكلِ، وسحَقَ حجارَتَها وذرَّى غُبارَها في وادي قدرونَ. 13 ونَجَّسَ المَعابِدَ الّتي على المُرتَفعاتِ قُبالَةَ أورُشليمَ، إلى يَمينِ جبَلِ الزَّيتونِ، وهيَ الّتي بَناها سُليمانُ مَلِكُ إِسرائيلَ للآلِهةِ الأرجاسِ: عَشتَروتَ إلهةِ الصَّيدونيِّينَ، ولِكَموشَ إلهِ الموآبـيِّينَ، ولِمَلكومَ إلهِ بَني عَمُّونَ. 14 وحَطَّمَ الأصنامَ وقطَعَ أصنامَ أشيرةَ ومَلأَ أماكِنَها مِنْ عِظامِ النَّاسِ.
15 وهدَمَ يوشيَّا مذبَحَ بَيتَِ إيلَ، الّذي في المَعبدِ هُناكَ، والّذي أقامَهُ يَرُبعامُ بنُ نَباطَ الّذي خَطِـئَ وجعَلَ شعبَ إِسرائيلَ يَخطَأُ، وحطَّمَ المَعبدَ وسحَقَ حجارَتَه غُبارا، وأحرَقَ صنَمَ أشيرةَ. 16 والتَفَتَ يوشيَّا، فرأى القُبورَ الّتي هُناكَ في الجبَلِ، فأرسلَ وأخذَ العِظامَ مِنها، فأحرقَها على المذبَحِ ونَجَّسَهُ، فتَمَّ قولُ الرّبِّ الّذي نادى بهِ رَجُلُ اللهِ مِنْ قَبلُ. 17 وسألَ المَلِكُ يوشيَّا: «ما هذِهِ الرُّجمَةُ الّتي أرى؟» فأجابَهُ أهلُ المدينةِ: «هيَ قبرُ رَجُلِ اللهِ الّذي جاءَ مِنْ يَهوذا وتنَبَّأَ بِما فَعَلْتَهُ بِمَذبَحِ بَيتَ إيلَ». 18 فقالَ: «أُترُكوهُ. لا يُحَرِّكُ أحدٌ عِظامَهُ». فصانوا عِظامَهُ وعِظامَ النَّبـيِّ الّذي جاءَ مِنَ السَّامِرةِ. 19 وأزالَ يوشيَّا جميعَ بُيوتِ العِبادةِ على المُرتَفَعاتِ الّتي في مُدُنِ السَّامِرةِ، وكانَ بَناها مُلوكُ إِسرائيلَ لإغاظةِ الرّبِّ، وفعَلَ بِها كما فعَلَ في بَيتَ إيلَ. 20 وذبَحَ على المذابِـحِ الّتي على المُرتَفَعاتِ جميعَ الكهَنَةِ الّذينَ كانوا هُناكَ، وأحرقَ عِظامَ النَّاسِ علَيها، ورجَعَ إلى أورُشليمَ.
يوشيا يحتفل بالفصح
(2أخ 35:18-19)21 وأمرَ المَلِكُ جميعَ الشَّعبِ: «أقيموا فِصْحا لِلرّبِّ إلهِكُم، كما هوَ مكتوبٌ في سِفْرِ هذا العَهدِ». 22 ولم يكُن فِصْحٌ مِثلهُ في أيّامِ أيِّ مَلِكٍ مِنْ مُلوكِ إِسرائيلَ ويَهوذا ولا في أيّامِ القُضاةِ الّذينَ حكَموا في إِسرائيلَ. 23 وكانَ ذلِكَ الفِصْحُ في أورُشليمَ في السَّنةِ الثَّامنةَ عَشْرَةَ لِلمَلِكِ يوشيَّا.
24 وأزالَ يوشيَّا السَّحرَةَ والعَرَّافينَ والتَّرافيمَ والأصنامَ وجميعَ الأرجاسِ الّتي كانَت في أرضِ يَهوذا وفي أورُشليمَ، وبِذلِكَ عَمِلَ بِما ورَدَ في كتابِ الشَّريعةِ الّذي وجَدَهُ حَلْقيَّا الكاهنُ في الهَيكلِ. 25 وما كانَ قَبلَ يوشيَّا ولا بَعدَهُ مَلِكٌ مِثلُهُ، لأنَّهُ تابَ إلى الرّبِّ بِكُلِّ قَلبِهِ وكُلِّ قُدرَتِه كما هوَ مكتوبٌ في شَريعةِ موسى.
26 ورُغمَ هذا، لم يَرجِـعِ الرّبُّ عَنْ شِدَّةِ غضَبِهِ العظيمِ على يَهوذا، لِكثرةِ ما أغاظَهُ المَلِكُ منَسَّى. 27 وقالَ الرّبُّ: «سأُبعِدُ يَهوذا أيضا مِنْ أمامِ وجهي، كما أبعَدْتُ إِسرائيلَ، وأتخَلَّى عَنْ هذِهِ المدينةِ أورُشليمَ الّتي اختَرتُها والهَيكلِ الّذي قُلتُ عَنهُ: يكونُ اسمي هُناكَ».
نهاية عهد يوشيا
28 وما بَقيَ مِنْ أخبارِ يوشيَّا وأعمالِهِ، مُدَوَّنٌ في سِفْرِ أخبارِ الأيّامِ لِمُلوكِ يَهوذا. 29 وفي أيّامِهِ صَعِدَ فِرعَونُ نَخوَ، مَلِكُ مِصْرَ، إلى نهرِ الفُراتِ لِمُساعَدةِ مَلِكِ أشُّورَ، فاعتَرَضَهُ المَلِكُ يوشيَّا فقتَلَهُ فِرعَونُ في مَجدُّو. 30 فعادَ بهِ رِجالُه مَيتا مِنْ مَجدُّو، وجاؤوا بهِ إلى أورُشليمَ ودَفَنوهُ في قبرِهِ. فاختارَ شعبُ يَهوذا يوآحازَ بنَ يوشيَّا وأقاموهُ مَلِكا مكانَ أبـيهِ.
يوآحاز يخلف يوشيا
(2أخ 36:2-4)31 وكانَ يوآحازُ ابنَ ثَلاثٍ وعشرينَ سَنةً حينَ ملَكَ، ودامَ مُلْكُهُ ثَلاثَةَ أشهُرٍ بأورُشليمَ. واسمُ أمِّهِ حَموطَلُ بِنتُ إرميا مِنْ لِبنَةَ. 32 وفعَلَ الشَّرَّ في نظَرِ الرّبِّ كآبائِهِ. 33 فأسَرَهُ فِرعَونُ نَخوَ في رَبلَةَ مِنْ أرضِ حماةَ مُنهِيا بِذلِكَ مُلْكَهُ بِأورُشليمَ، وغَرَّمَ شعبَ يَهوذا أربعَةَ عشَرَ قِنطارَ فِضَّةٍ وأربعةَ عشَرَ رَطْلَ ذهَبٍ. 34 وأقامَ فِرعَونُ نَخوَ ألياقيمَ بنَ يوشيَّا مَلِكا مكانَ أبـيهِ، واستَبدَلَ اسمَهُ بـيوياقيمَ، وأخذَ أخاهُ يوآحازَ إلى مِصْرَ حيثُ ماتَ. 35 وأمَّا يوياقيمُ ففَرَضَ على الشَّعبِ ضَريـبةً، كُلُّ واحدٍ بِـحسَبِ طاقَتِهِ، ليَدفَعَ إلى فِرعَونَ نَخوَ ما فرَضَهُ علَيهِ مِن الفِضَّةِ والذَّهبِ.
يوياقيم ملك يهوذا
36 وكانَ يوياقيمُ ابنَ خمسٍ وعشرينَ سَنةً حينَ ملَكَ، ودامَ مُلْكُهُ إحدى عَشْرَةَ سنَةً بِأورُشليمَ. واسمُ أمِّهِ زَبـيدَةُ بِنتُ فِدايةَ من رُومَةَ. 37 وفعَلَ الشَّرَّ في نظَرِ الرّبِّ كآبائِهِ.
